IR is mostly characterized by huge demographic transition.
Two Population Theories:
i. Classical（"high fertility”） Why? : In the past, we don’t see many innovative invention, we don’t know why. Family response to technological improvement not by increase in wealth, but by increase in children.
ii. Modern (“Low fertility”) Why? We, now, don’t response by more kids, but by more quality kids.
Childquality-----quality
Difference:
i. In the past, although it’s possible for the rich to (give land) enhance quality, it’s impossible for the poor family.
ii. If you are rich, your kids’ education doesn’t affect what you eat, but for the poor, eat less.
“Coordination”：
If there’s no guarantee you can get a job. Nobody would believe some strangers saying: ”You send your kids to school, and I’ll build a factory”
In 1800s, a typical woman had 6 kids. But now the fertility rate is below 3%
Technolog----à improved productivity---à higer wages---àMore training--àtechnology
Industrial Revolution:
Why happened in Britain？ Why that time? The innovation, the political features are not unque, why England？ The revolution is a gradual process. The outcome of it is not only machines, but also the chance to meet the group of people.
*Life today on the earth is more important than that after death..
*Adam Smith: Institutions, in particular the government, most important determinates of rare. Give the freedom to people.
*IR is not conceived or created by any institutions.
*Man are free, they make their own decisions.
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